Nutritional Deficiency Disorders

Nutritional deficiency diseases result primarily from a diet that does not have enough nutrients, which are essential to health and development

Causes of Nutritional Deficiencies

• Poverty

• Prolong starvation

• A poor diet that lacks essential nutrients, for prolonged period

• Insufticient food intake

• A number of diseases and chnical condhtions

• Endocrine disturbances

• Certain drugs or medicine

• Elderly age group

• Pregnancy can also cause a deficiency if the body diverts iron to the fetus.

Macronutrients

Nutrients	Deficiency
Calories	Starvation ,  marasmus
Simple carbohydrates	Low energy level
Complex carbohydrates	Micronutrient defitioncy
Protein	Kwashiorkor
Saturated fat	Low testosterone leval , vit. Defitioncy
Unsaturated fat	Fat soluble vit. Defitioncy

 

Micronutrient

Nutrients	Deficiency
Vitamin A	Xerophthalmia Nightblindness
Vitamin B1	Beri Beri
Vitamin B2	Skin and corneal lesion
Niacin	Pellegra
Vitamin B	Pernisious anemia
Vitamin C	Scurvey
Vitamin D	Rickets
Vitamin E	Neurological disease
Vitamin K	Hemorrhage
Omega -3 fats	Cardiovascular disease

 

Macrominerals

Minerals	Deficiency
Calcium	Osteoporosis, tetany
Magnesium	Hypertension
Potassium	Hypokalemia, cardiac arrhythmia
Sodium	Hyponatremia

 

Trace minerals

Minerals	Deficiency
Iron	Anemia
Iodine	Goiter , hypothyroidism

 

 General Symptoms of Nutritional Deficiencies

• Pallor (pale skin)
• fatigue
• Weakness
• trouble breathing
• unusual food cravings
• hair loss
• periods of lightheadedness
• Constipation
• sleepiness
• heart palpitations
• feeling faint or fainting
• depression
• tingling and numbness of the joints
• menstrual irregularities.
• depression
• poor concentration

STARVATION : severe defitioncy in caloric energy nutrient and vitamin intake .

MARASMUS : occur due to defitioncy of protein , carbohydrate and fats . more serious than kwashiorkor .

KWASHIORKER : is due to protien defitioncy . occur after protien rich food are discontinued during weaning and child is given food low in protein and calories.

 

Diet

• An easily digested diet which provides sufficient calories, adequate proteins, of  good biological value and sufficient minerals & vitamins, must be given
• Skimmed milk
• Vegetable proteins made from oilseed cakes, flour madefrom edible pulses and a mixture of one part of casein and 10 parts of groundnut flour.
• Banana 400 gms mashed mixed with 200 gms of skimmed milk powder paste reconstituted to make 500 ml volume
• Bread and butter offered to child help to bulid up calories